KAZAKISTAN’DA YÜKSEKÖĞRETIMIN GELIŞIMI: LIDERLIĞIN TARIHI BOYUTLARI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47526/3107-3123.39Özet
Bu çalışmada, Kazakistan’daki yükseköğretim yönetim sisteminin gelişimi tarihsel-analitik bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmaktadır. Sovyet öncesi ve Sovyet dönemlerinde sistemde meydana gelen değişiklikler analiz edilmektedir. Araştırmada tarihsel-karşılaştırmalı yöntem ve nitel betimsel analiz kullanılmış olup, bu yolla yönetim yapılarının, eğitim modellerinin ve kurumsal önceliklerin dönüşümünün yanı sıra sistemi etkileyen sosyo-politik faktörlerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma, millî kurtuluş Alaş hareketi üyelerinin ve Kazak aydınlarının katkılarına odaklanan Sovyet öncesi dönemin analiziyle başlamaktadır. Bu isimler; ulusal değerlere dayalı, seküler ve özerk bir eğitim sistemi kurmayı amaçlamış ve yükseköğretim ideolojisinin temelini atmışlardır; ancak bu girişimler Sovyet yönetimi tarafından durdurulmuştur. Alaş önderleri ve ilk eğitimciler kitlesel siyasi baskılara maruz kalarak tutuklanmış, kurşuna dizilmiş veya sürgün edilmiş, bu durum ulusal akademik gelişimin sürekliliğini kesintiye uğratmıştır. Sistem, ideolojik bağımlılığa ve merkezi yönetime dayalı tek tip bir Sovyet modeline göre yeniden yapılandırılmıştır.
Çalışmanın temel amacı; tarihsel mirasın, siyasi ideolojilerin ve kurumsal sarsıntıların Kazakistan’daki yükseköğretim yönetimi yörüngesini nasıl etkilediğini analiz etmektir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, sektörün yönetiminin devlet yapısı ve ideolojik değişimlerle yakından ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, yükseköğretim yönetim modellerinin tarihsel evrimini anlamak, günümüzdeki reformları değerlendirmek açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Erken dönem entelektüel hareketlerin mirası ve Sovyet dönemindeki kurumsal katılık, bugünün zorluklarını ve stratejik kararlarını etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Bu analiz; akademik özerkliğin geri kazanılması, tarihsel hafızanın korunması ve ulusal kimliğin küresel eğitim standartlarıyla harmanlanarak yönetim sisteminin yeniden değerlendirilmesinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.
Referanslar
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