KAZAKISTAN МE AMERIKA BIRLEŞIK DEVLETLERINDEKI GENDER (CINSIYET) ÇALШŞMALAR DERSLERININ KARŞШLAŞTШRMALШ ANALIZI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47526/3107-3123.336Anahtar Kelimeler:
gender education, higher education, Kazakhstan, United States, comparative analysis, interdisciplinarity.Özet
Bu çalışma, Kazakistan ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndeki toplumsal cinsiyet (gender) çalışmaları derslerinin karşılaştırmalı bir analizini sunmakta; bu alanın farklı yükseköğretim sistemlerindeki kurumsallaşma düzeyini, yapısını ve pedagojik olarak hayata geçirilişini ele almaktadır. Feminist teori, kesişimsellik (intersectionality) ve postkolonyal yaklaşımlardan yararlanan araştırma; Kazakistan’daki 29 üniversitede okutulan 97 toplumsal cinsiyet dersi ile Amerikan Üniversitesi (American University) ve Wisconsin-Madison Üniversitesindeki (University of Wisconsin–Madison) 204 dersi karşılaştırmaktadır. Nitel doküman analizi ve yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlara dayanan araştırma üç boyut üzerinden yürütülmüştür: kurumsallaşma, müfredat kapsamı ve pedagojik pratikler.
Elde edilen sonuçlar; Kazakistan’da toplumsal cinsiyet çalışmalarının çoğunlukla geleneksel bölümler bünyesinde seçmeli dersler olarak sunulduğunu, disiplinlerarası genişleme ile uygulamalı öğrenme bileşenlerinin ise sınırlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna karşılık, ABD’deki incelenen üniversitelerde kesişimselliği açıkça kapsayan, disiplinlerarası içeriğe dayalı ve stajlar ile bitirme projeleri gibi uygulamalı öğrenme süreçlerini barındıran tam anlamıyla kurumsallaşmış programların mevcut olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırma, bu farklılıkların; yönetim yapılarına, politika ortamına ve kurumsal imkanlara bağlı olarak disiplinin gelişiminde ortaya çıkan farklı yörüngeleri yansıttığını kanıtlamaktadır.
Kazakistan’da toplumsal cinsiyet eğitimini güçlendirmek adına kurumsal desteğin artırılması, disiplinlerarası entegrasyonun genişletilmesi ve uygulama odaklı müfredatların geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
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